Not very helpful, I guess, but my 8freight by Mike Burrows (R.I.P.) has a very similar derailleur hanger. Mike’s idea was that you can change the inner tube and/or tyre (or even the cassette!) without having to remove the wheel whilst the bike is loaded, as the frame utilises a monostay. Pop it on the built-in central stand, and voila. Mike also used a very similar design on the Ratcatcher and other recumbent racers. Not sure what function it has on this handsome racing bike though apart from being different, but it could be the designer’s reasoning was along somewhat similar lines? Maybe it was also one of Mike’s? Sadly, it’s too late to ask him.
Good luck with finding out. I am quite curious myself now!
Vitus 788 tubing?