Re:
So long as the axle isn't too wide, so putting the mech. out of adjustment range, the setup should be fairly straight forward:
I always do mine by line of sight BEFORE fitting the chain: put the band round the seat tube and push the mech. cage across with your fingers to make sure it clears the outer chain ring by 1-3mm. Adjust until it does then nip up the clamp bolt.
Depending on the mech. the alignment of the outer cage is either parallel to the outer chainring, or the inner cage slightly toed in at the front. tighten the clamp bolt.
As the mech. automatically springs to the granny ring, adjusting the limit screw is easy - centre the cage on the granny ring.
Now push the cage across to the outer ring and adjust the limit screw so it will only go so far as to centre on the ring again.
Now fit your cable: I start with the shifter adjuster in the middle of its travel. pull the cable tight through the bolt on the mech. and tighten. Try the lever op. and sight it to make sure it looks 'right.'
NOW fit the chain for sizing: All the way round biggest ring/cog, not through the rear mech., plus two links - or one link and a speed link.
Fit the chain...
The next bit is easiest done with two people: get someone to hold the rear wheel off the ground by the saddle so you can turn the pedals by hand and work the shifter. Run the mech./chain across the rings (best to use the middle cog at the back) and adjust the limit screws if necessary to drop it onto the granny and push it onto the outer smoothly; get these two right and the shifter will take care of the middle ring
I've always followed this process, and I very often don't have to make ANY adjustments after fitting the chain...
...it's like everything else (apart from REAL rocket science I guess, and brain surgery, and...), there's no 'dark art' to it, just following a few instructions and a bit of practice.
Don't let your mind beat you before you even start...
...unless you have Alzheimers, in which case the answers to your original questions are 'Cheese on toast,' 'The red wooly ones,' and '1964'