I think that as long as the actual steerer extends above the top of the headset, the extender is built heavy enough to take the forces from the stem.
In effect, the arrangement is structurally much the same as a quill stem in a threaded headset.
I'd be wary of extenders that use wedges, ideally they are 360° expanders to get better contact with the steerer.
This is one of the better ones that I've seen: https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/303954023499, in that it has a deep knurled expanding section to grip the steerer, and also (I think) compresses the headset correctly via that flanged spacer at the bottom. The stem then just clamps on.
If you do use one of the more conventional extenders, the top cap can usually be swapped out for a larger diameter so that it compresses the headset as it's tightened.
Alternatively, there are expanding headset spacers available. With these, you fit the stem pressed down as much as you can by hand, clamp it up and then vertically expand the spacer to load the headset. https://problemsolversbike.com/products/headset/adjustable_spacer_-_6547
All the best.
In effect, the arrangement is structurally much the same as a quill stem in a threaded headset.
I'd be wary of extenders that use wedges, ideally they are 360° expanders to get better contact with the steerer.
This is one of the better ones that I've seen: https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/303954023499, in that it has a deep knurled expanding section to grip the steerer, and also (I think) compresses the headset correctly via that flanged spacer at the bottom. The stem then just clamps on.

If you do use one of the more conventional extenders, the top cap can usually be swapped out for a larger diameter so that it compresses the headset as it's tightened.

Alternatively, there are expanding headset spacers available. With these, you fit the stem pressed down as much as you can by hand, clamp it up and then vertically expand the spacer to load the headset. https://problemsolversbike.com/products/headset/adjustable_spacer_-_6547

All the best.
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