Dunno if this helps or not.
In the car world often the same caliper will be used with a variety of rotors and suitable spacers.So, the calipers on my Passat will also be used on a audi TT, albeit with bigger rotors and spacers.
Same(ish) in the bike world. The spacer thing to mount the caliper further out to suit a rotor is ugly,but cheap.In the car world only cheap tends to matter.
Clearly the further out the caliper is mounted,then more braking torque can be applied.i.e. the Force, F is the same, but as it is at a greater radius,R then more F*R (N*M ) can be applied.
This all works well up to the point something fails...............Fastners, frame,spokes ?
If V brakes could apply more force effectivley then disk brakes would never have been invented, as they operate at a hugh( relativley) radius. Problems here are that they can't apply the force F that is required usually due to lack of effective friction (especially in the winter !).
Poor calipers like bigger rotors, to overcome their poor-ness.
I had a set of manitou mars forks that would only allow a max of 160mm dia rotors. With 28mm legs I expect that was wise. Another reason why 36mm and 40mm dia legs will have little problems with 203mm rotors