If you run 23c yes: they are almost exactly the same diameter as 2.0" tyres on a 26" rim.
Road uses a 130mm rear hub instead of 135mm, so provided you can fit it and tighten the rear then it will fit - but a 700c rim laced up with a MTB hub is better.
Brakes are the big problem - CRC do some Mavic canti post adaptors to reposition them for the 700c rim, but discs are probably simpler for regularly swapping wheels.