High end and down, late 80 fad, sometimes seen in early 90's
Used as the U-brake was more powerful, Shimano's TradeMark name (probably) brake invention before it incremented that to a V-brake with it's new fangled trademark brake
It was sometimes placed on the chainstay as chainstays tend to be stiffer and could also give a better cable line. It also with it not on the seatstay, these could be lightened and tuned not for brakes.
Problem was it didn't work in the UK, unless it was one of the few warm and bone dry days.
Rollercams where another option for these positions, these have the advantage of a tunable pull plate so what shimano did in the lever with servo-wave, roller cams could do on a pull plate.
U-brakes and similar biggest problem was mud, hence why they died a death except in rollercam form in boutique frames.