as a rule casettes that are designed to take x amount of gears wouldnt be big enough to add more (where would they go)but using spacers say on a 9 speed casette you could put an 8 or even a 7 on there but you would have to make sure they have the same spline pattern. also older casettes use the last cog as the locking cog so the thread is on the outside of the casette, newer ones have a lock ring which screws into an internal thread, they are not interchangable although im pretty sure ive seen a casette body with both threads but i might be wrong. regarding screw on freewheels they do just that, screw on to the hub where a casette uses an internal bolt to hold the casette body onto the hub (the hub wouldnt have a thread. fixies (where the pedals go round and cant frewheel) usually use a hub with a left hand thread to counter the stopping force trying to undo the cog with a locking ring holding it in place or they also use whats called a flipflop hub which can take a cog on each side of the hub to enable you to run diferent ratios say, or to have a fixed cog on one side and a freewheel on the other, then you just take the wheel out and flip it round to suit what you want it for. if a hub is threaded for a freewheel and the freewheel has multi cogs on it then the hub is 'dished' i.e. the centre of the hub isnt inline with the centre of the rim like the fron wheel is, this allows for the space needed to fit the freewheel so in theory you could remove the freewheel and replace it with a singlespeed freewheel but the chainline would probably be out so you would have to re dish the wheel to get the hub shifted more centrally to the rim if that makes sense. hope that helps its kind of brief and ive missed some stuff out, i wont even mention helicomatic.....doh!